自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2003, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (5): 513-521.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2003.05.001

• 资源生态 •    下一篇

皇甫川丘陵沟壑区小流域生态用水实验研究

杨劼1, 宋炳煜1, 朴顺姬1, 仝川1, 高清竹2   

  1. 1. 内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010021;
    2. 北京师范大学资源科学研究所, 北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2003-04-30 修回日期:2003-06-18 出版日期:2003-10-25 发布日期:2003-10-25
  • 作者简介:杨劼(1965～),女(蒙古族),内蒙古呼和浩特人,教授,博士,主要从事植物生理生态学、植被生态学及 遥感和地理信息系统研究工作.E-mail:Jyang@mail.imu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000018604);国家自然科学基金项目(30060018).

Experimental study on ecological use of water of a small catchment in Huangfuchuan area

YANG Jie1, Song Bing-yu1, PIAO Shun-ji1, TONG Chuan1, GAO Qing-zhu2   

  1. 1. College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot 010021, China;
    2. Institute of Resources Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Received:2003-04-30 Revised:2003-06-18 Online:2003-10-25 Published:2003-10-25

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39 | 9

摘要： 一个强烈水土流失小流域(准格尔五分地沟),经过20多年水土保持植被建设,乔灌草人工植被镶嵌分布,覆盖率达80%,在有效遏制水土流失的同时,也消耗相当量的水资源———生态用水。2002年生长季节,采用实验研究方法,测定了该小流域各不同类型植被蒸散量、各不同类型土壤贮水量及降水量等,计算出该小流域四大类型植被生态用水(按大小顺序):①农田为5321.3m3/hm2;②乔木林为4654.8m3/hm2;③灌木林为4047.8m3/hm2;④草原为3244.3m3/hm2。估算出全小流域生态用水量:①各类植被生态用水量约150×104m3;②水库湿地生态用水量约26×104m3;③居民点生态用水量约4000m3。三项合计,即五分地沟小流域总生态用水量约176×104m3。值得重视的问题是:该小流域植被生态用水量和总生态用水量均超出同期降水量(130×104m3)达20×104～40×104m3。这意味着土壤贮水量耗减20～30mm。因此,在生态环境建设中,构建适宜的植被模式,调控生态用水量,将对维持生态系统稳定及其环境改善起重要作用。

关键词: 生态学, 生态用水, 实验研究, 皇甫川流域

Abstract: Vegetation construction in a serious water loss and soil erosion area—— — Wufendigou small catchment has been performed for more than20years.The various plant communities of high-forest,shrub-forest and grassland are mosaically distributed over the small catchment.Its cover ratio of the vegetation to the area has come up to80%.Such vegetation construction has efficiently controlled water loss and soil erosion,but a quite amount of water resource has also been consumed,which is called ecological use of water(EUW).During the growing season of the year2002,evapotranspiration of the various vegetations,water storage capacity of the various soil types and precipitation etc.were measured in the small catchment.Then EUW of the four vegetation types was calculated as:①agricultural field,5321.3m3 /hm2 ;②the high-forest,4654.8m3 /hm2 ;③the shrub-forest,4047.8m3 /hm2 ;and④the grass-land,3244.3m3 /hm2 .While,EUW amount of different components in the catchment was esti-mated as follows:①EUW amount of all the vegetations,1500000m3 ;②the reservoir marsh,260000m3 ;and③the villages,4000m3 .Thus,the total EUW amount of the whole catchment was1700000m3 .It is noticeable that EUW amount of all the vegetations and the whole catchment exceeded precipitation about 200000and400000m3 in the same period respectively.This figure means that soil water storage capacity of the catchment would be consumed20～30mm.Therefore,con-struction of appropriate vegetation pattern and control of EUW amount would have very impor-tant role for maintaining stability of ecosystem and improving eco-environment.

Key words: ecology, ecological use of water, experimental research, Huangfuchuan basin

中图分类号: 

  • P333