自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2002, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (5): 556-563.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2002.05.005

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱综合防御集成技术机制及在华北冬麦区的示范应用研究

霍治国1, 李世奎1, 安顺清1, 薛昌颖1, 朱自玺2, 吴乃元3   

  1. 1. 中国气象科学研究院,北京100081;
    2. 河南省气象科学研究所,河南郑州450003;
    3. 山东省泰安农业气象试验站,山东泰安271000
  • 收稿日期:2002-03-08 修回日期:2002-05-16 出版日期:2002-10-25 发布日期:2002-10-25
  • 作者简介:霍治国（1965～)男，河南平舆人，研究员，主要从事气候资源利用和农业病虫灾害、气象灾害 预测、评估研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家“十五”科技攻关项目“农林重大病虫害和农业气象灾害的预警及控制技术研究”(2001BA509B14)资助。

Research on mechanism and application of integrated techniques for preventing winter wheat drought in North China

HUO Zhi-guo1, LI Shi-kui1, AN Shun-qing1, XUE Chang-ying1, ZHU Zi-xi2, WU Nai-yuan3   

  1. 1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing100081,China;
    2. Henan Research Institute of Meteorological Science,Zhengzhzhou 450003, China;
    3. Tai'an Agrometerological Experimental Station, Tai'an 271000, China
  • Received:2002-03-08 Revised:2002-05-16 Online:2002-10-25 Published:2002-10-25

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23 | 6

摘要： 论文将底墒效应利用技术、土壤深松技术、秸秆覆盖技术、有限水分胁迫效应利用技术、喷施多功能防旱剂五项单项抗旱技术在冬小麦播前及各个发育阶段适时、适地综合集成,并给出了应用量化指标。于1998～2000年在河南、河北、山东省进行示范推广应用。结果表明:冬小麦干旱综合防御集成技术是通过各单项抗旱技术触发和优化冬小麦找水、增水、保水、节水、控水的五种水分利用机制,发挥了植物生理生态、土壤理化性状、土壤水库、麦田小气候效应和化学制剂喷施等多种防旱抗旱的效能,时间贯穿于冬小麦整个生育期,可实现持续防旱抗旱。集成技术具有比各单项技术更显著的增产、节水效果。在两个典型大旱年的情况下,集成技术使水分利用效率提高10.6%～53.7%,平均提高27.7%;小麦增产7.0%～42.3%,平均增产16.6%;每公顷增加纯收入490～1200元。

关键词: 冬小麦, 干旱, 防旱抗旱集成技术, 水分利用效率

Abstract: Several techniques for preventing agricultural drought such as scientific use of soil moisture before sowing,deep tillage,straw mulch,limited water stress,and multi-functional drought-resistant reagents are integratedly used at good time and in right place before seeding and at different development stages.The application indexes are quantified.The technique was carried out in Henan,Hebei and Shandong provinces in1998～2000.Results show that the inte-grated technique for preventing winter wheat drought touches off and optimizes the five water use mechanisms of seeking-water,increasing-water,keeping-water,saving-water and controlling-water by other unique techniques.It exerts the manifold drought-prevent ing and drought-resistant functions of physiology and ecology of plants,soil physical and chemical properties,soil reservoir,the mi croclimatic effect of wheat field and the spray of chemical preparation etc.The technique lasts throughout the development stage of winter wheat and can realize the sustainable drought-pre vent ion and drought-resistance.The integrated technique possesses the more distinct effect of increasing production and saving water than any other single technique.Under the conditions of two typical drought years,the integrated technique enabled the water use efficiency increase by10.6%～53.7%,averaging27.7%;and the wheat increase by7.0%～42.3%,averaging16.6%.Per hectare net income increased by490～1200yuan.

Key words: winter wheat, drought, the integrated techniques of drought-prevent ion and drought-resistance, the water use efficiency