自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2000, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (3): 252-258.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2000.03.011

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

华北平原的水土资源平衡研究

林耀明, 任鸿遵, 于静洁, 姚治君   

  1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101
  • 收稿日期:2000-02-16 修回日期:2000-04-17 出版日期:2000-09-25 发布日期:2000-09-25
  • 作者简介:林耀明(1951-),男,广东省潮州市人,研究员,从事水文与水资源研究工作,承担过水循环、水资 源、水土资源平衡、水量与产量关系等课题的技术路线设计与模型制作。
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院“九五”重大项目,(KZ951-A1-203);国家自然科学基金重大项目,(49890330)

Balance between land use and water resources in the North China Plain

LIN Yaoming, REN Hongzun, YU Jingjie, YAO Zhijun   

  1. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natureal Resource ,CAS,Beijing 100101,China
  • Received:2000-02-16 Revised:2000-04-17 Online:2000-09-25 Published:2000-09-25

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75 | 24

摘要： 采用精确的水土资源平衡计算模型 ,辅以田间观测资料 ,分析计算了华北平原农业水资源量与作物需水量之间的平衡问题。结果显示 :在充分供水的条件下 ,本区农田 (884.8万hm2)需水量为744.36亿m3,相应的作物亏水量为309.37亿m3,有效灌溉面积 (653.2万hm2)上的亏水量为228.73亿m3;而1995年水利工程提供的农业总用水量已达261.78亿m3,但仍有116.16亿m3的亏水量 ;文中同时对评价区内农田的有效降水量、灌溉水的田间利用量、毛管上升水量等进行估算。指出 ,虽然冬小麦的平均水分满足率为82 % ,但关键期的水分满足率 (64 % )仍然制约粮食产量的增长 ,设想通过提高渠系利用系数和优化灌溉等措施 ,华北平原的农业可望达到水土资源平衡利用的状态

关键词: 华北平原, 水土资源, 平衡研究

Abstract: Researches on the balance between land use and water resources in the North China Plain have been done recently with an accurate soil water balance model,which take the land use and the precipitation on it into account along with comparisons of the water demand and deficits of different crops.Results show that water demand for all crops on the farmland(8848 thousand ha)is 74 436 billion m3,the corresponding water deficits is 30 937 billion m3;in the irrigated area(6532 thousand ha),the water deficits is 22.873 billion m3.However,the water supply system provided 26.178 billion m3 of water for agriculture in 1995,because of the lower effective utilization,the irrigated area still had 11.616 billion m3 of water deficits.The effective precipitation and irrigation on the plain are evaluated.Observed data show that although there is 82% of water supply for the growth period of winter wheat,key phase water supply(64%)restricts the grain production.To keep the supply water meeting the demand measures of raising water efficiency and optimizing irrigation are recom mended.

Key words: North China Plain, water &, soil resources, balance research