关键词: 浅层地下水, 我国北方地区, 开发水源, 发展灌溉, 水资源, 井灌区, 基本途径, 泥沙淤积, 防治土壤盐碱化, 河水灌区

Abstract: In the northern area of China according to the ecological environment and the elementary characteristics of water resources and dynamics of water and salinity, and from the viewpoint of coordinating the exploiting water resources for developing irrigation with improving ecological environment, some expositions are given in this paper as follows.(1) The exploitation of water resources at most irrigation districts of the northern China plain must combine the surface water with groundwater as a whole in comprehensive utilization Above all, the shallow groundwater ought to be exploited enthusiastically. The surface water can only be channelled properly under the condition of the demands of reasonable regulation of the shallow groundwater.(2) A project of water and soil conservantion of the constrvction of reservoirs, water can be clear and sand can be drained are necessary to put into practice at hilly and mountain districts. and the stor age of loodwater at plain districts, lo channel muddy floodwater into the warping field and develop well irrigation of floodwater techarge are basic ways of harnessing a muddy and sandy river and regulating 'he runoff storage. From all of these measures, devoting major efforts to developing well irrigation of floodwater recharge is a key link in changing bane into boon and using the floodwater and sand resources fully.(3) Provided that shallow groundwater is exploited positively and managed scientifically, then the problems of combating alkalinity, eliminating drought and preventing waterlogging will be tackled in a comprehensive way of strong water to combat the drought. From the view point of metioned above to investigate the strategy of water control, it is important to transform the policy of drainage into storage or to combine the storage with the discharge.(4) The combination of wells with canals and the use of water in cycles for developing irrigation are effective methods of raising the utilization ratios of irrigation water and the ensuring degrees of water prorision. In the meanwhile, it is able to lighten the burden on the drainage in the irrigation area. These provide a precondition for the prevention and control of alkalinity, waterlogging and pollution of water sources caused by agricultural drainage. They seem to be some economic and rational water conservantion facilities. Also, the methods should be the most significant irrigation installations of the surface water use at most plain districts in northern China.