关键词: 地下水资源, 地下水位, 区域特征, 岩溶水, 初步评价, 开发利用, 开采量, 区域水文, 水文地质条件, 黄淮海平原

Abstract: Since the establishment of New China, great attention has been paid by the government to the investigation of groundwater resource. Regional hydrogeological mapping covers most parts of the territory, and an overall evaluation of groundwater resource has been made. As a result, the total groundwater resource of our country is estimated at about 872 billion m3/a, in which the amounts of porewater, fissurewater and karstic water are calculated separately, and the consumption of groundwater is computed as well. A lot of prospecting work has also been carried out for the development of wtllirrigation as well as for water supply of industrial cities. The extensive work mentioned above has provided a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of groundwtter resource.According to statistics, 11.3 million ha of arable land are irrigated with water from wells, and the annual exploitation of underground water has reached 40 billion m³. In 27 cities of Nonh China, the output of groundwater reached 6.86 million m³/d, which amounted to 87% of the total water consumed. The distribution and hydrogeological characteristics of groundwater resource in various regions are discussed in this paper, including some environmental hydrogeological problems related to the exploitation and utilization of groundwater. In short, it is evident that groundwater resource plays a significant role in both urban and rural water supply, and in promoting the development of agriculture and industry in our country.