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    Earth Surface Processes
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Mobile social theory construction and urban geographic research in the information era
    ZHEN Feng, ZHAI Qing, CHEN Gang, SHEN Li-zhen
    2012, 31(2): 197-206. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020001
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    Advances in information technology are the core of the information revolution.The information revolution has been the important driving force to promote the current national,regional and urban socio-economic development and rapid transformation.And it lasting and profoundly impacts and changes inherent understanding,which has formed socio-economic and spatial structure since the Industrial Revolution.Along with the acceleration of the construction of high-speed railways,rapid development of regional cities and wisdom of city's construction,mobile communication technology is moving us into a new mobile information age.Due to time and space concept is redefined,a new space-time emerges,which makes urban geography a fundamental change.Research paradigm,methods and content of urban geography have begun to change dramatically,so traditional theoretical framework cannot meet the needs for the current research any longer.This paper analyzes the influence of mobile communications technology on the change of network and geospatial information space,and proposes mobile social theory framework based on mobile information technology,that is to say,intelligent cities melt technics,economy,society,and space.The construction of intelligent cities contains four levels: system level,technical level,economic level and social level.At the system level,it is important to improve positive interaction of the governments,enterprises,scientific institutions,private institutions,and make institutional arrangement.We should build a mobile community technology platform based on the wireless network,IOT,mobile devices at the technical level.Based on the development of mobile information,services become the focus of other industries at the economic level.Mobile social networks can actively promote communication between people at the social level.Then paper explores the research methods of urban geography of the mobile information age,and research priorities from urban space and form transformation,travel behavior,urban and regional spatial effect to urban and regional governance,and so on.We wish that urban geography research would better serve urban and regional development,planning and governance in mobile information era.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    China's urban network based on spatial organization of electronic information enterprises
    WU Qian-bo, NING Yue-min
    2012, 31(2): 207-219. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020002
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    Through analysis of theory and method on urban network,the paper reveals the characteristics of Chinese urban network based on spatial organization of electronic information enterprises.Results show that electronic information industries of top 500 enterprises of Chinese manufacturing industries and TNCs are concentrated in the coastal economic regions,including the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,as well as metropolises and capital cities of the central and western China.Meanwhile,the locations of their R & D institutions are similar to those of enterprise headquarters,but distribution of their production bases is relatively dispersed.In terms of production network of local enterprises and transnational corporations,Chinese urban networks are characterized by localization and globalization.The node cities of enterprise headquarters are more scattered in local urban networks,and have smaller density and connectivity of urban networks.In contrast,global urban networks,taking Beijing and Shanghai as the core nodes,have a higher degree of external links.At the same time,urban networks are more inclusive than urban hierarchy system in China.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Vernacular dwellings evolution in agricultural villages of Hebei-Shandong-Henan provinces in the past 30 years
    FANG Yan-gang, MEI Lin, LIU Ji-sheng, HU Ya-juan, HAN Moran
    2012, 31(2): 220-233. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020003
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    Based on photograph,ichnography,interviews,questionnaire survey and statistical analysis methods,this paper discusses the evolution and mechanisms of vernacular dwellings in agricultural villages in the past 30 years by selecting three villages with different natural-human characteristics in Hebei,Shandong and Henan provinces as the detailed case studies. Generally speaking,the outer appearances of vernacular dwellings such as the house facade,building materials and technologies have been modernized and de-localized generation after generation.The inner patterns of vernacular dwellings has been specialized and segregated by age,activity and gender gradually,at the same time,the living space has been strengthened even over-developed continually;the agricultural space was regenerated and reorganized at first and then weakened owing to the increase of peasants' non-agricultural job opportunities and incomes;the kitchen,bathroom and granary have been gradually moved from yard to main house.The above-mentioned evolution processes can be divided into four periods in detail. As far as the relationship between generations of vernacular dwellings and household socio-economic characteristics is concerned,demographic characteristics of househols are the important driving force for the difference of generations,which is correlated with household income,and the migration of household members has obvious effects on it also. Some special traits of vernacular dwellings evolution in the case villages are produced by traditional culture,rural institution of property and distribution,and the urbanization process.The vitality of traditional culture remains so strong that many of its symbols are represented vastly by the modern materials in current vernacular dwellings.The collectively-owned but equally distributed farmland makes the household population and household life-cycle become the determinants for household income disparities and indirectly leads to the difference of vernacular dwellings in agricultural villages.The amphibious migration of rural labor promotes the diffusion of industrialized artifacts,technology and life style in agricultural villages,which,however,results in the lavish construction of vernacular dwellings at the same time.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Study on the regional pattern change of social consumption levels in China since the reform and opening up
    GUAN Wei-hua, ZHOU Jing, LU Yu-qi
    2012, 31(2): 234-244. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020004
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    Since the reform and opening up started in 1978,with the establishment and improvement of socialist market economy and the rapid development of commodity circulation in China,the scale of social consumption has been greatly improved.At the same time,some things are changing,such as the regional differences of consumption levels and the regional consumption patterns which results from the differences.In this paper,we firstly analyze the differences of social consumption levels between provinces in China since the reform and opening up based on the variation coefficient and Taylor's index and indicate that since 1978,the difference of social consumption levels between provinces in China in general presents widening trend,but there are some fluctuations.By the analysis of change-point based on Mann-Kendall method,since reform and opening up the differences' changes of social consumption levels in China can be divided into two phases,from 1978 to 1987 and from 1987 to 2008.Using the cluster and discriminate analysis methods,we compare the regional patterns of social consumption levels in China in 1978,1987 and 2008.The results are as follows: in 1978,the social consumption levels in China had prominent north-south regional difference;in 1987,the social consumption level in China not only had north-south difference but also had east-west difference;in 2008,the social consumption level in China in general presents east-middle-west differences in the pattern of ladder.We can find that the regional pattern of social consumption level has been shifted from north-south difference to east-west difference.Finally,we study such indexes which are in connection with the regional social consumption level as the population,economic development level,and investment in fixed assets,income level,savings,financial levels,traffic convenience and industrial structure.By stepwise regression analysis,we analyze the formation mechanism of regional consumption patterns in China in 1978,1987 and 2008.The results are as follows: in 1978,regional pattern of social consumption level was mainly affected by per capita savings of urban and rural residents,per capita expenditure and the proportion of primary industry output value;in 1987,it was mainly affected by per capita GDP,transport accessibility levels and the proportion of tertiary industry output value;in 2008,it was mainly affected by per capita GDP,per capita income and per capita savings of urban and rural residents.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Evolution of the relationship between tourist destination and industrial structure Taking Zhangjiajie as an example
    MA Xue-feng, SUN Gen-nian, MA Li-jun
    2012, 31(2): 245-256. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020005
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    This paper analyzed the evolution mechanism of the industries in the tourism district,built the model of the industrial structure and its industrial structure-state model based on the research of tourism areas and the growth dynamic factors of the industrial structure in the tourism areas,in which the industries in the tourism areas were divided into developed industries,growth industries,mature industries and declining industries.The essay shows the growth cycle of Zhangjiajie in two aspects based on the statistical data of 1990-2010 and the theory of the Natural Trend Curve,and points out the developing process of the industrial structure on the basis of growth state model and the growth cycle of the tourism district.Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.(1) The 20 years of tourism growth of Zhangjiajie presents a single fluctuation.(2) There are great differences among the primary,secondary and tertiary industries in Zhangjiajie with the development of the tourism industry in this region.(3) The growth of the industrial structure is different in different sectors.Wholesale and retail trade,catering trade,industry,finance and insurance industry and other industries are growth industries,while primary industry,transportation,storage,post and telecommunications,construction and real estate are declining industries in the growth cycle.(4) As for the growth state of the industrial structure,there are differences in the growth cycle.Real estate,finance and insurance industry are declining industries;construction,wholesale and retail,restaurants,transportation,storage,post and telecommunications have witnessed the development of industry;other services and industries are growth industries,and the primary industry is a mature industry.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Dynamic evolution mode of Regional Dominance Indexes of Chinese inbound tourism flows during 1993 to 2008:An empirical research based on modified entropy technology
    LI Chuang-xin, MA Yao-feng, ZHANG Ying, WEI Ying
    2012, 31(2): 257-268. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020006
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    Using entropy technology improved by standardization,Regional Dominance Indexes of Chinese inbound tourism flows of 31 provinces of China's Mainland during 1993 to 2008 are calculated.Through comparison of these indexes of three periods during 1993～2008,which is 1993～1998,1999～2003 and 2004～2008,several conclusions can be drawn as follows. Regional Dominance Indexes of Chinese inbound tourism flows of Guangdong are the highest,so is those of Shanghai and Beijing.As a result,these three provinces become three poles of Chinese inbound tourism.Meanwhile,Regional Dominance Indexes of Chinese inbound tourism flows of Yunnan,Guangxi,Sichuan and Shaanxi are relatively high.Therefore,these four provinces are poles of inbound tourism of western China.Besides,Regional Dominance Indexes of Chinese inbound tourism flows of Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang and Hubei are high.Hence,these four provinces are hot destinations of inbound tourism of Central China.Thus,regional structure of Regional Dominance Indexes of Chinese inbound tourism flows is prominent.Moreover,it is revealed that the dynamic evolution of Regional Dominance Indexes of Chinese inbound tourism flows is derived from the polarization effect as well as the trickle-down effect,so is the hierarchical diffusion effect.Geographical factors that affect the evolution of Regional Dominance Indexes can be divided into two categories,which are physical geography factors and human geography factors.Furthermore,we have constructed the gradient network structure of Chinese inbound tourism flows,which remains to be optimized and restructured. With entropy technology improved by standardization,this paper analyzes Regional Dominance Indexes of Chinese inbound tourism flows of 31 provinces of China's Mainland during 1993～2008,aiming to explore dynamic evolution model of Regional Dominance Indexes of Chinese inbound tourism flows.In addition,it provides technology support for analyses of characteristics and potential mechanism of spatial and temporal evolutions of Chinese inbound tourism flows.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    A study on tourist experience of traditional festivals from the perspective of perceived value:An example from Dai ethnic group's Water Splashing Festival at Xishuangbanna,China
    MA Ling, BAO Ji-gang
    2012, 31(2): 269-278. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020007
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    Perceived value is an important concept and theory in the studies of consumer experience and the quality of experiences.This concept has recently been employed to study tourist experience.This paper selects Water Splashing Festival at Xishuangbanna,an ethnic group,Thai's traditional festival as an example,through which Chinese tourists' perceived values of such a traditional festival are analyzed and verified.Based on qualitative interviews and previous literature,the paper constructs a scale of festival tourists' perceived values and measures festival tourist experiences in terms of this scale.It also tests the relationship between tourist satisfaction and tourist perceived values.It is found that tourist perceived values of the Water Splashing Festival consist of seven dimensions: cultural epistemic value,hedonic value,social value,price and convenience value,service value,conditional value and overall value.It is also found that the tourist satisfaction varies with different perceived values.Differing from western scholars' literature,this paper reveals that cultural epistemic value,as a pragmatic value,offers the greatest contribution to Chinese domestic tourist satisfaction.This becomes a contrast to the western tourist satisfaction which mainly comes from hedonistic value.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    A comparative study on foreign and domestic tourists' consumption behavior and preferences in mega-events:A case study of 2010 Shanghai World Expo
    WANG Chao-hui, LU Lin, XIA Qiao-yun, WU Yue, WANG Li
    2012, 31(2): 279-289. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020008
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    Based on an analysis of survey and data of 2120 tourists in Shanghai World Expo,the paper makes a research on the mega-event tourists' consumption behavior preferences as well as their industrial influence.The results are shown as follows.(1) The domestic tourists prefered the economic hotels located near the Expo Garden and in the outskirts of Shanghai;while the inbound tourists usually chose star-grade hotels located in the central business district and near the city proper.Price and convenience were the two main factors for both the foreign and domestic tourists to make accommodation decisions.(2) Both the foreign and domestic tourists prefered fast food and the local dishes,and they were mostly concerned about the dishes and the services consumption dimension.The domestic tourists paid more attention to the dishes while the inbound tourists were more concerned about services.(3) The domestic tourists' motivation of buying souvenirs was to keep them as a memory while that of the inbound tourists was to give others as presents.The domestic tourists paid more attention to thematic cultural attribute and the design of the goods;while the inbound tourists paid more attention to commercial dimension attribute and the function utility value of the goods.(4) The city tour area concentration degree of domestic tourists was higher than that of the inbound tourists.Tourists mainly chose the public transportation(in the urban area) to Expo Garden,while the inbound tourists would like to take a taxi.Domestic tourists mainly chose to visit the World Expo Garden at night,while the inbound tourists would like to choose other entertainments.The analysis and comparative study of the World Expo tourists' behaviors and consumption preferences can provide important inspiration and practical instruction for the development of mega-event markets at home and abroad and destination industry construction.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Effect of climate change on maize production in Northeast China
    JI Rui-peng, ZHANG Yu-shu, JIANG Li-xia, ZHANG Shu-jie, FENG Rui, CHEN Peng-shi, WU Jin-wen, MI Na
    2012, 31(2): 290-298. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020009
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    This paper analyzed the facts of climate change and its effects on the maize production in Northeast China according to the meteorological,maize yield and planting area data.The results are as follows.The heat resources in this region have been increasing continually since 1971.The accumulated temperature over 10℃ has increased by 262.8℃ averaged for the whole region.The plain area with accumulated temperature(≥10℃) higher than 2700℃ has extended northward 200-300 km,and eastward 50-150 km respectively.The precipitation in growing period(from April to September) during 1981-1990 had an increasing trend,but has been decreasing continually since 1991.Annual average water deficiency amounts to 391.5 mm.Humid area is decreasing and the whole region has a drying trend.The early frost date(the date with the lowest temperature ≤0℃) has postponed 7-9 days,and the frostless period has prolonged 14-21 days,so the probability of frost disaster occurrence is reduced.The period with high probability of lingering low temperature disaster on maize was observed in the 1960s and 1970s,and the period with low probability started in the 1990s.Heilongjiang Province had a high probability of frost disasters.With the heat resources increasing continually,adaptive area of maize planting is growing,with its north boundary extending northward and eastward,so the adaptive seeding date comes earlier.With steady increase of maize planting area and yield,the total yield and total planting area will increase by 9,670,000 t and 720,000 ha per decade respectively. Although climate change has supplied more heat resources for maize production in Northeast China,it is enhancing drought.So,we should adjust maize distribution and varieties.Additionally,using irrigation engineering and dry-farming technology widely,and selecting varieties with disease-resistance,drought-endurance and strong stress-resistance are the important measures to realize sustainable development of maize production in Northeast China.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    The responses of surface albedo to climatic changes in Xilin Gol grassland
    ZHANG Xue-zhen
    2012, 31(2): 299-310. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020010
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    This study assessed the reliability of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)-derived land surface albedo products for Xilin Gol grassland,illustrated the seasonal cycles and inter-annual variations of land surface albedo in Xilin Gol grassland,and analyzed correlations between surface albedo variations and climatic changes.The results show MODIS-derived dataset is able to capture seasonal cycle and inter-annual variations of surface albedo,though there is a difference between the MODIS-derived albedo and ground instrumental measurements.The MODIS-derived dataset illustrates that the seasonal cycle patterns of surface albedo vary with spectrum.For the visible band surface albedo,the seasonal cycle presents a "V"-shaped variation with the bottom in the first ten days of August.For the near-infrared band surface albedo,the seasonal cycle is "U"-shaped with the bottom in the period from June to September.However,both visible band surface albedo and near-infrared band surface albedo had consistent inter-annual variations.Moreover,the inter-annual variations of surface albedo were partly attributed to climatic variations.The effects of temperature were significant in the early(April to May) and late(September to November) growth season.The correlation coefficients between temperature and surface albedo were-0.67 and 0.63 in the early and late growth season,respectively.The effects of precipitation were significant through out the growth season.The correlation coefficients between precipitation and surface albedo ranged from-0.54 to-0.76.It is worthy noting that the effects of precipitation were usually lagged by 2-3 months.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Assessment on vulnerability of ecosystems to land use change:A case study of Huadu District,Guangzhou City
    DOU Yue, DAI Er-fu, WU Shao-hong
    2012, 31(2): 311-322. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020011
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    Through the general comment of vulnerability of ecosystems and theoretical principles of vulnerability,a model to assess the vulnerability of ecosystems has been set up in this study.The ecosystem services change to land use is regarded as the impact index,and the GDP change stands for adaptive capacity index of social and economic development,by which the human and natural systems could be coupled.The ecosystem vulnerability of Huadu District,Guangzhou City has been analyzed from the integral-scale and town-scale respectively,as a case study.The results show that:(1) in 1980～1990,1990～2000 and 2000～2005,the change of arable land is the critical factor of ecosystem impact on land use change;(2) the adaptive capacity of 1990～2000 and 2000～2005 is 0.391and 0.374 respectively,keeping positive;(3) based on the spatial vulnerability maps of 1990～2000 and 2000～2005,the ecosystem in the study area tends to be vulnerable,and will be worse,despite the increasing positive adaptive capacity,and the number of districts which suffer the serious vulnerability is increasing.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Driving forces of "poplar expansion and cropland shrinkage" in the North China Plain:A case study of Wen'an County,Hebei Province
    ZHAO Yu-luan, LI Xiu-bin, XIN Liang-jie, HAO Hai-guang
    2012, 31(2): 323-333. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020012
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    This paper extracts information of land use change in the study area of Wen'an County,Hebei Province in the period of 1995～2007,and analyzes the spatial-temporal pattern of poplar woodland expansion by using TM images of Landsat5.In the view of farm household tree-planting decision-making,it examines driving forces of conversion of arable land to woodland by using mathematical statistics and input-output approach.The results are shown as follows.(1) Woodland of poplar expands substantially and fleetly.(2) Some 92.14% of poplar woodland is originally arable land.Such a conversion is one of the major land use changes in the area.(3) There is a significant spatial difference of expansion speed of poplar woodland.The expansion of poplar is driven by market signals and government policies as well.Change of the labor force resources of farm household plays a leading role in the expansion of poplar.(4) The higher the percentage of non-agricultural employment and per capita annual income of farmers in rural areas,the higher the expansion speed of poplar.Today there is a decreasing trend of labor force in agriculture.In these circumstances,farm households tend to choose land use types with higher labor productivity.Labor productivity of poplar planting is higher than that of field crops,such as wheat and corn,because there is less labor input of poplar planting than that of field crops,which is the main reason for the conversion from arable land to forest land.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Low-carbon optimization strategies based on CO2 emission mechanism of household daily travels:A case study of Beijing
    CHAI Yan-wei, XIAO Zuo-peng, LIU Zhi-lin
    2012, 31(2): 334-344. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020013
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    Using the household travel survey data(2007) in Beijing obtained by behaviour geography research team in PKU,we build one single-indicator path analysis model with the AMOS7.0 software to examine the inner mechanism between land use,travel characteristics and CO2 emissions at the neighborhood-family levels.Our purpose is to find what factors and how extent these factors influence household CO2 emitted during daily travels.We believe it can give us a better understanding of the optimization paths and strategies towards low-carbon urban spatial structure,as well as most urgent tasks in our increasingly warming global environment from the perspective of geography and urban planning.Empirical result indicates that total travel distance and trip mode choice are the primary factors which influence the GHG emissions in household daily travels.The spatial land-use features in neighborhood level have remarkable impact on the total distance,while there is no significant effect on the mode probability using private cars.Providing auto purchased,carbon emissions have a dramatic increase regarding to high-carbonization,with the process irreversible.And then,under previous circumstance,no significant evidences imply trade-off effect exists between the public and private transportation department.We conclude,strategies such as mixed land use and facilities provision should be put into operation to reduce the travel occurrence quantities and enhance the spatiotemporal distribution of daily travels,and to keep consistency with transportation demand management.At the same time,aimed green low-carbon city,the emphases of urban organizations and plan should be shifted from urban physical elements to spatial behavior,coupled with spatial behaviour rescheduling and personal behaviour plan.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Urban types and impact factors on carbon emissions from direct energy consumption of residents in China
    ZHANG Yan, QIN Yao-chen, YAN Wei-yang, ZHANG Jin-ping, ZHANG Li-jun, LU Feng-xian, WANG Xi
    2012, 31(2): 345-356. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020014
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    A total of 287 prefectural-level cities in China were classified into 6 categories based on the calculation of CO2 emissions per capita,the quantity and composition of CO2 emissions from residents' direct energy consumption.The result shows that CO2 emissions per capita,CO2 emissions intensity per area,CO2 emissions intensity per capita wage,and CO2 emissions from residents' direct energy consumption in the high-carbon emission cities are higher than those in the low-carbon emission cities,and that CO2 emissions intensity of GDP per capita of the residents in the high-carbon emission cities are lower than those in the low-carbon emission cities.The high-carbon emission cities are mostly developed and resource-based cities.The major composition of CO2 emissions in high-carbon emission cities are power consumption and transportation.CO2 emissions from direct energy consumption of the residents in high-carbon emission cities has 86.20% of the total CO2 emissions from direct energy consumption of the residents in Chinese 287 prefectural-level cities in 2008.Most of them are low-carbon emission cities.The average quantity of CO2 emissions from direct energy consumption of the residents in low-carbon emission cities is lower than that in high-carbon emission cities.The city's CDD,the heating period,the intensity of heating,the quantity of energy supply per capita,the prices of energy,GDP per capita,and wages per capita are the main influencing factors.GDP per capita and wages per capita have great impact on the quantity of CO2 emissions per capita from power consumption and transportation.CDD influences the quantity of CO2 emissions due to power consuming for cooling in summer while the heating period and the intensity of heating influence the quantity of CO2 emissions due to that for heating in winter.There is linear relationship between the quantity of CO2 emissions per capita due to gas consumption and quantity of energy supply per capita.There is a binary linear relationship between heating period and GDP per capita of the city and the quantity of CO2 emissions from central heating.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    The mechanism of pollution-intensive industry relocation in Guangdong Province,2000～2009
    SHEN Jing, XIANG Cheng, LIU Yi-yun
    2012, 31(2): 357-368. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020015
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    This issue of pollution-intensive industry relocation against globalization,at both national and regional scale,is becoming increasingly significant mainly due to its importance for policy-making and environmental regulation.Using the panel data collected from Guangdong Province,2000-2009,we examined the spatial-temporal pattern as well as the evolution mechanism for pollution-intensive industries.We found that the speed of pollution-intensive industrial development has largely restructured,following an ‘S' shape.The spatial pattern of pollution-intensive industries has changed from decentralization to centralization,and returned to decentralization,indicating an evident relocation of pollution-intensive industries within Guangdong Province.Panel Data Model was used to uncover the determinants of pollution-intensive industry relocation.First,the results show that the mechanism of international industries relocation is mainly determined through exporting,rather than FDI.As FDI is becoming more and more clean,the pollution in the industrial productions have been outsourced to the local enterprises with the dirty products exporting to the developed countries.Second,the strict regulation of governments upon environmental issues drives the pollution-intensive enterprises in the Pearl River Delta to be relocated;however,the relatively lax environment regulation in non-Pearl River Delta is by no means the determinant of the spatial pattern.Instead,the legislations of local government,on the fields such as infrastructure services,government capabilities,preferential policies,are found to be significant for the relocation of pollution-intensive enterprises.Third,the human capital is not identified as the determinant of pollution-intensive enterprise relocation.Instead,land use price is found to be important.In addition,we highlighted that Guangdong Province is still the ‘Pollution Haven' of oversea industries;the other parts of the province is becoming the'‘Pollution Haven' of the PRD.There is for stricter environmental regulation upon the process of industrial relocation.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    Multi-parameters statistical analysis of impact craters' features on lunar surface based on Chang'e-1
    WANG Xin-yuan, JI Wei, LI Chao, LUO Lei
    2012, 31(2): 369-376. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020016
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    Impact craters are the main geomorphological type on lunar surface.They can provide a large amount of information,including the age of geological unit,the history and evolution of the moon impact.Due to the fact that the current automatic recognition methods for impact craters have deviations of extraction range and locations,simultaneously they can not extract the information of the buttom,thus the whole characters of the impact craters can not be researched deeply.The top and buttom edges of 1000 impact craters have been extracted by manual vectorization in the remote sensing images evenly in this study.The equivalent radius of the top and buttom edges,that is r1(top) and r2(buttom),are computed by the area of the range of the crater's lip and buttom.And h,the height(depth) of the impact craters,are derived from the digital elevation model of the whole moon.Then all the parameters,r1,r2 and h,are researched by fractal analysis,statistical analysis and cluster analysis.The results show that:(1) The fractal dimension of the impact craters' number with r1 and r2 is D1=1.88 and D2=1.51 respectively.They are both larger than the fractal dimension of the impact craters on the earth,indicating that the extraneous interference which decides the complexity of the impact craters on the moon surface is lower than that on the earth's,and the complexity of the top is higher than that of the buttom at the same time.(2) There is a good liner correlation between r1 and r2,and the clustering results will be divided into three categories,with the coefficients of determination being R12=0.685,R22=0.886,and R32=0.974,respectively.(3) The coefficient of determination R2=0.968 is obtained by the liner fit of three parameters r1-r2-h,which shows that there is also a good liner correlation among r1-r2-h,and the formation of the lunar impact craters is found in the same dynamic environment,the same as the environment after the formation.
  • Earth Surface Processes
    The design and implementation of wetland evaluation system of Beijing based on models
    JIANG Wei-guo, LI Xue, JIANG Tao, CHEN Yun-hao, ZHU Lin, ZHAO Wen-ji, CHEN Qiang, LEI Xuan
    2012, 31(2): 377-387. https://doi.org/10.11821/yj2012020017
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    The research on the evaluation of wetlands can show the function and value of wetlands clearly to the people and governors,which is of great significance to the protection and management of wetlands.This paper studied the valuation methods of wetland functions,such as air regulation,climate regulation,water storage and flood control,water purification,groundwater recharge,erosion control,biodiversity maintenance,dust uptake,product output,culture heritage and recreation.On the basis of these valuation methods,we built 12 wetland valuation models via ArcGIS Model Builder and other modeling tools,and then designed and implemented the Beijing wetlands evaluation system.The system was built on the basis of the Microsoft.NET environment,using ArcGIS Engine component. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.(1) We established a model and tool set first,then packaged them to a unified module,and finally developed the application systems.This method for the design and development of the wetland value assessment system is simple,easy to use,and can provide reliable results.(2) The system can manage the data of wetland resources effectively,calculate each value of each function and the comprehensive value of the wetland resources quickly and easily,acquire the value of each wetland patch,each wetland type and any statistical unit of Beijing wetlands,and it can also compile wetland value maps and give statistical reports.(3) The wetland evaluation system provides an automated,streamlined,standardized measurement method,which is potential for replication.